EXAMPLE:

TOPIC 1 Experience

• You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.

Examples:

1. I have been to France.This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been there once, or several times.


2. I have been to France three times.

TOPIC 2 Change Over Time

We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.

• Examples:
  You have grown since the last time I saw you.
  The government has become more interested in arts education.

TOPIC 3 Accomplishments:

We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.

• Examples:
  Man has walked on the Moon.
  Our son has learned how to read.

TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.

• Examples:
  James has not finished his homework yet.
  Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.